<p>The Porter–Phelps–Huntington House, known historically as Forty Acres, is a historic house museum at 130 River Drive in Hadley, Massachusetts. It is open seasonally, from May to October. The house contains the collection of one extended family, with objects dating from the seventeenth to twentieth centuries. It was occupied from its construction in 1752 until the 1940s, when a member of the eighth generation of the family in the house turned it into a museum. Its collection is entirely derived from the family, and the extensive archives, including the original diary of Elizabeth Porter Phelps, are held at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and is a central feature of the Forty Acres and Its Skirts Historic District, designated in 2023.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Porter–Phelps–Huntington House is located in the rural setting of Hadley, between River Drive (Massachusetts Route 47) and the Connecticut River. The main block of the house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gambrel roof and clapboarded exterior. To its rear is attached a 1-1/2 story ell with a gabled roof; a long ell extending southward containing a kitchen, dairy, corn barn and secondary dwelling; and an addition to the north, containing another kitchen. The front facade has symmetrically but unevenly placed windows flanking a center entrance.</p><br>
<p>The houses construction history begins in 1752, when Moses and Elizabeth Pitkin Porter opted to build what is believed to be the first house to be built outside Hadleys town center. After their daughter Elizabeth married Charles Phelps, an ell was added to house a larger kitchen. The house achieved its present form in the 1790s, when the couple added the long south ell and larger production kitchen to support more ambitious dairy production, and a second kitchen to support the growing household. The gambrel roof was added to house an apartment for son Charles Porter Phelps, but was never completed; he would instead build Phelps Farm, across River Drive from his parents&#39; home.</p><br>
<p>The house next passed to Elizabeth Whiting Phelps and her husband Dan Huntington, who married in 1801; they would raise eleven children. Their youngest son, Frederic Dan Huntington (an Episcopal minister in Boston and later a bishop in Syracuse), inherited the house and would use it as a summer home. His grandson, James Lincoln Huntington, acquired full ownership of the house in 1929, and gradually converted it from a family dwelling to a historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>The Porter family was very prominent locally, dating back to the founding of Hadley in 1659. Some members of the extended family achieved prominence regionally, nationally, and internationally. These include Benjamin Lincoln, a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolution; Frederic Dan Huntington, first Episcopal bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Central New York; actress Catherine Sargent Huntington; memoirist Ruth Huntington Sessions; and composer Roger Sessions.</p><br>
<h2>Slavery at the Porter-Phelps-Huntington House</h2><br>
<p>The Porter–Phelps–Huntington House serves as an excellent lens through which to view the history of slavery in Western Massachusetts, especially in the town of Hadley. Slavery has existed in Hadley since the towns founding; the first four ministers of the town were all slave owners. Samuel Porter, the great-grandfather of Moses Porter, bought the Porter familys first slave in 1698 from a man named Joseph Smith. Later, when Moses Porter set up his household in 1752, he enslaved two people: Zebulon Prutt and Peg. Phelps bought Zebulon from Jerusha Chauncey, a fellow resident of Hadley. Zebulon was fourteen years old at the time of sale, and Porter paid one hundred and fifty pounds to Chauncey for him.</p><br>
<p>When Moses Phelps was killed in 1756 in Bloody Morning Scout, a battle at Lake George during the French and Indian War, both Zebulon and Peg were listed in the probate inventory of Porter’ possessions. Ten years after Moses Porter&#39;s death, Zebulon fled Forty Acres; Elizabeth Pitkin Porter opted to sell Prutt to another resident, Oliver Warner. The advertisement Porter and Warner together placed in the Connecticut Courant described Zebulon as having a “whitish complexion” and noted that he may “have a Squaw in company”.</p><br>
<p>Moses and Elizabeth&#39;s daughter, also named Elizabeth, married Charles Phelps in 1770. That same year, Phelps bought an enslaved man named Cesar for "sixty six pounds, thirteen shillings, and four pence" from William Williams in New Marlsborough, New York. He and Elizabeth also enslaved a woman named Phillis, who would give birth in the 1760s to two daughters, Rose and Phillis. Rose became a mother as well, to a daughter also named Phillis - a third generation of women enslaved at the site.</p><br>
<p>After the start of the Revolutionary War, Cesar joined the Continental Army. In a letter back to Charles Phelps from Fort Ticonderoga, Cesar wrote:</p><br>
<p>“I take this opportunity to enform you that I don’t entend to live with Capt. Cranston if I can help it and I could be glad if you would send me a letter that I may git my wagers and I want to know how all the Talk Do at Home and I Desire you Prayers for me While in the Sarves and if you Determine to see me I want you Shud send me my Sock and Buckel So no more at Present but I Remain your Even Faithful Slave.- Sezor Philips"</p><br>
<p>Cesar never returned from the war, and it is unclear whether he died during the war or ran way. Peg had been sold in 1772 to a man named Stephen Fay from Bennington,Vermont, but was repurchased in 1778. She lived in Hadley until her death in 1792, when she was a member of the household of Ralph Way.</p><br>
<p>Otis Company Mill No. 1 is a historic mill on E. Main Street in Ware, Massachusetts, United States. Built in 1845, it is one of the best-preserved stone mills in western Massachusetts, and a rare surviving example of a large mill from the pre-turbine phase of industrialization. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It was further listed as a contributing property to the Ware Millyard Historic District in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Otis Company Mill No. 1 stands on the east side of the main village of Ware, between East Main Street and the Ware River east of South Street. It is a five-story mill building fashioned out of coursed stone, and was built in 1845. It is a rectangular structure, topped by a gable roof, with projecting stairwell sections in roughly the middle of both of its long sides. The mill presents four stories to the street, owing the sloping terrain of the riverfront lot. Iron tie rods are found in patterns on the building exterior; these provide stability for the wooden elements of the floor supports.</p><br>
<p>The mill was probably built by Belchertown mill builder Nathaniel Dudley Goodell, and is the only stone mill in the town. It is one of a small number of mills built in western Massachusetts on the Rhode Island model of mills, and is one of the only ones to date before the introduction of turbines into the water power system. The mill was built for the Otis Company, which initially manufactured woven cotton fabric, but later branched out into underwear. The company was Ware&#39;s largest employer for about 100 years.</p><br>
<p>The Town Farm, now the Easthampton Lodging House, is a historic poor farm at 75 Oliver Street in Easthampton, Massachusetts. It was established in 1890 as an inexpensive way to provide for the town&#39;s indigent population, and is the only locally run facility of its type to survive in the state. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Easthampton&#39;s former town farm is located in a rural setting west of downtown Easthampton, on the north side of Oliver Street opposite Hollister Drive. The main building was built in a manner typical of earlier Greek Revival poorhouses: a central five-bay 2-1/2 story main block was flanked by residential wings. This structure, however, includes Craftsman and Queen Anne details more typical of the late 19th century. The building exterior has only received modest alterations since its construction, the most notable being an addition to the west wing made by the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>Poor farms were a typical means by which communities provided for their indigent poor in the 19th century. This facility was established by the town in 1890, and originally included a wider array of agricultural buildings. The facility was operated as a farm until 1955, at which time the town sold of the agricultural equipment of the farm, and leased the agricultural land to local farmers. In 1974 the facility was formally named the "Town Lodging House". The town resisted an effort to bring the facility under state control in 1986; it remains the only facility of its type under local control in the state.</p><br>
<p>The James Oviatt Building, commonly referred to as The Oviatt Building, is an Art Deco highrise in Downtown Los Angeles located on Olive Street, half a block south of 6th St. and Pershing Square. In 1983, the Oviatt Building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It is also designated as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument.</p><br>
<p>The building is home to the Cicada Restaurant and Lounge.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building is named after James Zera Oviatt (1888-1974) who, in 1909, came from Salt Lake City to Los Angeles to work as a window dresser at C.C. Desmonds Department Store. In 1912, Oviatt and a colleague, hat salesman Frank Baird Alexander, launched their partnership in mens clothing as the Alexander & Oviatt haberdashery, at 209 West Fourth Street in downtown Los Angeles. Their silent partner was Frank Shaver Allen, a wealthy and once socially prominent architect whose career had been destroyed by a sex scandal several years earlier.</p><br>
<p>During annual summer buying trips to Europe, Oviatt found stylish clothing to bring back to his prospering Los Angeles store. With the emergence of French Art Deco in the 1920s, Oviatt found the architectural style that would embody the interior design of his 1928 James Oviatt Building and its penthouse. In the 1950s and ‘60s, he funded white supremacist militias and anti-Semitic groups associated with Wesley A. Swift and the Ku Klux Klan, and distributed hate literature by mail to his businesss charge customers. Oviatts actions caused a public outcry and led customers to boycott his clothing store, causing it to close in 1966.</p><br>
<p>The Oviatt Building was designed by the Los Angeles architectural firm of Walker & Eisen. Excavation for the Oviatt Buildings construction was begun in August 1927; the building was completed in May 1928. Its furnishings included a 12-ton illuminated glass cornice and glass arcade ceiling by architect Ferdinand Chanut and glassmaker Gaëtan Jeannin. René Lalique designed and created the molded glass elevator door panels, front and side doors, chandeliers, and a large panel clock. Many tons of Napoleon&#39; marble and a massive, three-faced tower clock with chimes (manufactured by the pioneering electric clockmaker, Ateliers Brillié Frères ) were imported from France.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In the 1943 novel The Lady in the Lake by Raymond Chandler, the fictional "Treloar Building" on Olive Street near Sixth, with its "vast black and gold lobby" and elegant style, is often taken as a description of the Oviatt Building.</p><br>
<p>A feature-length documentary on the Oviatt Building&#39;s history was directed by Seth Shulman and written/produced by Marc Chevalier in 2008.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the exterior of the Cicada was used as the exterior for the fictional Hotel Cortez on American Horror Story: Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The Cicada featured in various films such as Bruce Almighty and the Oscar-winning Mank.</p><br>
<p>Under the Rose Productions, an LA based theatre company produced an immersive play entitled “Castle in the Sky”, loosely based on James Oviatt’s residency in the top floor penthouse apartment during prohibition. A short making of documentary is included as bonus material with the feature-length documentary.</p><br>
<p>The Roosevelt Building is a high-rise residential building located along 7th Street in Downtown Los Angeles. It was completed in 1926 and was designed by Claude Beelman and Alexander Curlett in an Italian Renaissance Revival style. It was later converted to lofts.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is a 12-story building with an E-shaped plan, with light wells on the interior of the block. The Seventh Street facade is about 250 ft long and the Flower Street facade is about 137 ft. These facades are faced with off-white terra cotta made to look like rusticated stone blocks, which were manufactured by Gladding, McBean & Company.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed by the J. V. McNeil Company who constructed several of the high-rises in Los Angeles at this time.</p><br>
<p>It is a three-part commercial structure, with a base, a shaft and a capital, consistent with Italian Renaissance Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed notable as "an excellent example of the Italian Renaissance Revival style as well as for its association with the distinguished architecture firm of</p><br>
<p>Curlett & Beelman." It was built with "high quality materials and exceptional craftsmanship" and is one of the outstanding examples of Italian Renaissance Revival architecture in Los Angeles."</p><br>
<p>The Title Guarantee and Trust Company Building is an Art Deco style highrise building on Pershing Square in Downtown Los Angeles. It was built in 1930 on the site of the California Club building. The building was designed by The Parkinsons, who also designed many Los Angeles landmarks, including Los Angeles City Hall and Bullocks Wilshire. Originally an office building, the structure was later converted into lofts. In 1984 the building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>In Popular Culture</h2><br>
<p>Location shots of the building were featured in the CBS television drama series Lou Grant (1977–82), in which it was represented as the home of the Los Angeles Tribune, the fictional newspaper around which the series was based. Vampire P.I. Mick St. John purportedly lived and maintained his office on the top floor of the building in CBS&#39; Vampire P.I. Drama, Moonlight (2007-2008).</p><br>
<p>The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Los Angeles Branch, is a historic building that once served as offices for the Los Angeles branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. The structure is located on West Olympic Boulevard and South Olive Street in southern Downtown Los Angeles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original 1929 building was designed by John and Donald Parkinson in a Classical Moderne style with elements of Zigzag Moderne. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h3>Replacement</h3><br>
<p>The adjacent 304,000 ft&sup2; new branch structure with architectural design by Dan Dworsky, interiors by Gensler, construction by Swinerton & Walberg, and project Management by JLH Consulting, was completed in 1987 and dedicated in 1988. The project cost was approximately $50 million. It now houses all operations of the Los Angeles Branch.</p><br>
<p>The original building has since been converted to residential lofts.</p><br>
<p>Engine Company No. 28 is a former Los Angeles Fire Department fire station on Figueroa Street in Downtown Los Angeles. Built in 1912 at a cost of, the structure served as an operating fire station until it was closed in 1967. One of the first reinforced concrete fire stations in the city, it is a Class A fire-proof structure built of brick, hollow tile and concrete. In 1979, the building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1980s, it was renovated as a restaurant, "Engine Company No. 28.", that served food based on recipes from American fire houses.</p><br>
<p>The building was featured as an operating fire station in Los Angeles in the 2011 video game L.A. Noire.</p><br>
<p>Since 2007, the building has housed the law firm Geragos & Geragos, and is owned by Mark Geragos.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pleasant House is a residence built in 1875-76 for William Hayes Perry in Boyle Heights. It was designed by Kysor & Mathews in Italianate style. The home was relocated in 1975 to the Heritage Square Museum in the Montecito Heights section of Los Angeles, California. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Perry organized Los Angeles&#39;s first gas company, the Los Angeles Gas Company, and served as president and General Manager</p><br>
<p>for five years. He served on the City Council in 1866 and 1869. From 1879 on he served as Manager of the Los Angeles City Water Company for 25 years.</p><br>
<p>It was later the home of judge Stephan C. Hubbell.</p><br>
<p>In 1935 the house became a home for unwed mothers.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1904, The Frederick Hastings Rindge House is a historic house located in the West Adams neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. In 1986, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rindge House was built in 1904 for Frederick H. Rindge and wife Rhoda May Knight Rindge and designed by Frederick Roehrig and E.C. Shipley in a Renaissance Revival-Romanesque Revival Victorian style. 1986, the Rindge House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places based on architectural criteria.</p><br>
<h2>Rindge Ranch</h2><br>
<p>In 1892 Frederick H. Rindge purchased the 13,300 acre Spanish land grant Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit or "Malibu Rancho". He later expanded it to 17,000 acre) as the Rindge Ranch, which encompasses present day Malibu, California, and Rhoda May ran it, its oil derrick, and railroad after Frederick&#39;s death, also founding the Rindge Dam, Malibu Potteries, and what became Serra Retreat.</p><br>
<p>The Highland-Camrose Bungalow Village is a grouping of Craftsman style bungalows located at the northwest corner of Highland and Camrose Avenues in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. The bungalows were designed by the Taylor Brothers and Lee Campbell as residences. The bungalows were later converted to offices, which are occupied by various organizations affiliated with the nearby Hollywood Bowl, including the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, the bungalow village was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The listing included 16 contributing buildings, a contributing structure (stone walls), and a contributing site (landscaping).</p><br>
<p>The North University Park Historic District is a historic district in the North University Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The district is bounded by West Adams Boulevard on the north, Magnolia Avenue on the west, Hoover Street on the east, and 28th Street on the south. The district contains numerous well-preserved Victorian houses dating back as far as 1880. In 2004, the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The North University Park area was subdivided between 1885 and 1901. The Miller and Herriott House, which is still standing, is believed to have been a model house used by the developers to attract potential buyers. The area boomed further when the street cars from downtown reached the area in 1891. In 1892, the widow of Gen. John C. Fremont, Jessie Benton Fremont, was living in the district at 1107 West 28th Street; she remained in the house until 1902. The district was also the birthplace of Adlai Stevenson, who was born in the house at 2639 Monmouth Avenue in 1900.</p><br>
<h2>Homes within the district</h2><br>
<p>Many of the homes within the district are noteworthy, including the following:</p><br>
<p>House at 2633 S Hoover St.—This transitional Craftsman/Shingle style house was designed by Thomas Preston and built in approximately 1900. There is also an original carriage house at the rear of the property.</p><br>
<p>William W. Cockins House, 2653 S. Hoover St.—This Queen Anne Victorian house was designed by Bradbeer & Ferris and built in 1894. It is a visual landmark on Hoover Street and is considered one of the most impressive examples of late Queen Anne style architecture in Los Angeles. Now owned by the University of Southern California, it currently functions as the USC Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy&#39;s Center for Occupation and Lifestyle Redesign.</p><br>
<p>Alfred J. Salisbury House, 2703 S. Hoover St. (pictured in Infobox above)—This Queen Anne Victorian house was designed by Bradbeer & Ferris and built in approximately 1891. The detailed craftsmanship make it an outstanding example of Queen Anne architecture. In 1897, it became the Cumnock School of Oratory, though it was later converted back into a residence. It is considered one of the finest Victorian homes in Los Angeles and was named a Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument (HCM #240) in 1981.</p><br>
<p>Maria Antonia Arguella Wilcox House, 1100 w. Adams Blvd.—This Spanish Colonial Revival-style house was reportedly designed by architect, Frederick Roehrig in approximately 1899. It later became the Sisters of the Company of Mary Convent.</p><br>
<p>A.E. Kelly Residence, 1140 W. Adams Blvd.—This Queen Anne Victorian house was depicted in the 1896 edition of "Comfortable Los Angeles Homes" compiled by the Brown Heating Co.</p><br>
<p>Robert E. Ibbetson House, 1190 W.Adams Blvd.—This two-story residence has been described as an eclectic mix of Victorian and Richardsonian Romanesque styles. Its asymmetrical design includes by a two-story tower. The home was designed and built in approximately 1899 by its owner, Robert E. Ibbetson.</p><br>
<p>Miller and Herriott House - This Eastlake Victorian house is itself separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places and has also been designated as a Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument (HCM #242).</p><br>
<p>House at 1120 W. 27th St.—This Queen Anne Victorian house was designed by Bradbeer & Ferris and was built in approximately 1894.</p><br>
<p>De Pauw Residence, 1146 W. 27th St. - This Queen Anne Victorian was built in 1897 by James Bradbeer of Bradbeer & Ferris for philanthropist Mrs. Francis W. De Pauw. It came to be called The Stephens House as future governor William Stephens lived there in the 1910s. Its gable was destroyed by a fire in 1952, and never rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>John C. Harrison House, 1160 W. 27th St. — This Queen Anne Victorian house is estimated to have been built in 1891.</p><br>
<p>House at 1186 W. 27th St. — This Craftsman bungalow was built in 1909 and designed by Arthur S. Heineman.</p><br>
<p>Mary E. Smith House, 1186 W. 27th St. — This transitional Craftsman - Victorian house was designed architect, John C. Austin, and built in 1906. It has been designated as HCM #798.</p><br>
<p>John H. Kiefer Residence — This French-influenced Victorian house was designed by Eisen & Hunt and built in 1895.</p><br>
<p>House at 2671 Magnolia Ave. — This Classical Revival house was designed by Frederick Roehrig and built in 1894.</p><br>
<p>Adlai Stevenson Birthplace — Adlai E. Stevenson was born in a house located at 2639 Monmouth Avenue on February 5, 1900. The house was designed by C.W. Wedgewood and built in approximately 1894. When Stevenson died in 1965, the site of his birthplace was declared a Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument (HCM #35).</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of houses</h2><br>
<p>The Town House is a large former hotel property built in 1929 on Wilshire Boulevard, adjacent to Lafayette Park in the Westlake district of Los Angeles, California. After a long career as a hotel it operates today as low income housing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Town House was developed by oil magnate Edward Doheny it opened on September 11, 1929. It is a very late example of the Beaux Arts style, with a brick and terra cotta facade with classical detailing. The building was converted to operate exclusively as a hotel in 1937, featuring one of the most glamorous bars in the city, the Zebra Room, with interiors by noted designer Wayne McAllister.</p><br>
<p>Conrad Hilton bought the Town House in 1942, In 1976, the hotel added four tennis courts at the rear of the enormous property, which covered nearly an entire city block. In 1978 the hotel&#39;s name reverted to the Sheraton-Town House. From the 1960s through the 1980s, the area around Lafayette Park became less desirable and more dangerous and after the 1992 Los Angeles Riots, the hotel finally closed in February 1993.</p><br>
<p>Just as it was about to be demolished, the property was purchased by developer Rob MacLeod. He enlisted the Santa Monica-based firm of Killefer Flammang Architects (KFA), noted for their renovations of historic buildings, to convert the 255-room hotel into 142 units of low-income housing, under a 55-year covenant. The building reopened in December 2001.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, the north half of the massive 1.8 acre property, containing the long-abandoned tennis courts and the hotel parking lot, was redeveloped by Century West Partners with the construction of a new 398-unit apartment complex, Next on Sixth, also designed by KFA. The Town House is currently owned by the Central Valley Coalition for Affordable Housing.</p><br>
<p>The Town House was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 1994 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and in 1997. Other registered historic sites within one block of the Town House include the Bryson Apartment Hotel, Bullocks Wilshire, the Felipe de Neve branch of the Los Angeles Public Library system, and the Granada Shoppes and Studios.</p><br>
<h2>Description of Physical Appearance</h2><br>
<p>The construction of The Town House, a 13-story hotel tower accompanied by a two-story annex and both south and north garages, started in July 1928 and reached completion in 1929. The Town House complex is sited at the corner of Wilshire Boulevard and Commonwealth Avenue, about four miles west of downtown Los Angeles. The property features around 180 feet of frontage on Commonwealth Avenue and 125 feet along Wilshire Boulevard. Due to its angular position along Wilshire, its location opposite Lafayette Park, and its thirteen-story height, the building is a prominent Wilshire landmark visible to those traveling west from downtown along the Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>The hotel is a 13-story, Class "A" steel-frame structure with a Period Revival Style design, featuring cast concrete and reinforced brick construction. The building, which stands 150 feet tall, includes reinforced concrete foundations, brick and concrete exterior walls, and wood-reinforced concrete floors. It also has a composition roof over reinforced concrete and two subterranean parking garages. Adjacent to the main hotel structure is a two-story annex building constructed from cast concrete and plaster, used for dining and banquets. The hotel and annex are isolated by a driveway at street level but connected by a walkway at the second-story level, and they are contiguous below ground. The north garage, though constructed simultaneously, is a separate structure. The hotel, annex, and garages hold historical importance dating back to their construction in 1929.</p><br>
<p>The hotel is considered a contributing building. While the annex and south garage are counted as one non-contributing building due to alterations to the annex, the north garage remains a contributing structure. Non-contributing elements added after the period of significance include an outdoor swimming pool (1942) and two lanai buildings (1948 and 1955), which altered the original roof garden&#39;s configuration; only specimen palm trees from the original garden can be documented.</p><br>
<p>A surface parking lot, paved with asphalt around 1960, is adjacent to the northernmost Lanai Building, providing access to the subterranean parking structures beneath the buildings and garden area. An asphalt-paved tennis court, surrounded by six-foot-tall cyclone fencing covered with green windscreen mesh, borders the property on the west. However, neither the tennis court nor the parking lot falls within the property&#39;s historic boundaries.</p><br>
<p>In 1929, The Town House was set in the upscale Lafayette Park neighborhood, surrounded by elegant Beaux-Arts apartment buildings and high-end residences. Wilshire Boulevard, next to the Town House, stood as Southern Californias most esteemed commercial avenue, featuring upscale retail stores and low-rise office buildings, many of which were designed in the elegant Period Revival style. While the hotels exterior has retained its historic appearance, the interior has undergone extensive remodeling. The annex, though remodeled, still retains its historic character and design features. The entire property is currently vacant and secured against entry. The complex formally closed its doors as a hotel in February 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Convento Building, known for its iconic arched portico or colonnade, was built between 1808 and 1822 and is the only original building remaining at the Mission San Fernando Rey de España in the Mission Hills section of San Fernando Valley in California in the United States. It was also the largest adobe building in California and the largest original building at any of the California missions.</p><br>
<h2>The building</h2><br>
<p>The Convento is a large two-story building, measuring approximately 243 ft long and 50 ft wide. It has four-foot-thick adobe walls and was built in stages between approximately 1808 and 1822. The long portico, sometimes referred to as the colonnade, in front of the building has 20 arches and is the most recognized image of the Mission San Fernando. It was and is the largest adobe structure in California and is also the largest original building in California&#39;s missions. The Convento also has a library with 1,760 volumes, dating from the 16th to the 19th centuries.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the days of the Mission, the Convento was used as a residential building for the missionaries, including temporary accommodations for the missionaries as they traveled between the missions along the Camino Real. California&#39;s first bishop, Francisco García Diego y Moreno, lived at the Convento from 1820 to 1835.</p><br>
<p>In 1846, the Mexican government confiscated the missions and secularized the properties. Pio Pico became the owner of the Mission San Fernando, selling it in 1846 to Elogio de Chelis.</p><br>
<p>When John C. Fremont led an American military force into California in 1847, he occupied the Convento and used it as a base of operations. In October 31, 1853, the building was seen by a party of railroad surveyors who would describe it as "present an imposing appearance." Between 1857 and 1861, the Convento was used as a station for the Butterfield Stage Line between Los Angeles and San Francisco. The Los Angeles Times visited the Mission in 1883 and found it "rapidly going to decay." The one building that was reported to be in fair shape was the Convento, which the Times described as follows:"The priest&#39;s quarters is a large structure, about three hundred feet long by fifty wide, with a broad portico or porch, supported by brick pillars, and extending the whole length of the building. The rafters are rough poles, thatched over with wild cane, and over this is a roof of burnt tile.... This large building is in a fair state of preservation, and is tenanted by several Spanish families. Some carpenters (Spanish) are fitting up one end of the place for a Catholic church..."</p><br>
<p>For most of the last half of the 19th Century, the Convento was left to decay. In 1896, the Landmarks Club (led by Charles Fletcher Lummis) signed a ten-year lease on the Mission, planning to restore it. A celebration attended by 500 people was held on the Mission&#39;s centennial in 1897. The Times reported at that time that the "old convent" building, "being strongly built," had "withstood more successfully the ravages of time." The Times report continued:"The convent itself is in fairly good repair. The building is 240 ft long by 60 deep, and is entered by doors from the corridor that runs its whole length. The tiled roof is nearly intact, and the window gratings and heavy doors are still strong enough to defy hostile entry. The floor of the corridor is simply the packed earth that has been trodden by thousands of feet, and its outer wall is pierced by a succession of low arches, in the familiar style of mission architecture."</p><br>
<p>In 1963, the church undertook a restoration of the Convento, including removal of the roof, waterproofing of the structure, and replacement of the beams and original tile. During the 1963 restoration, workers found the old beams "firmly tied with strips of tough rawhide, revealing the craftsmanship of the Shoshone Indians who worked on the landmark in the early 1800s."</p><br>
<p>In February 1971, the Mission sustained major damage from the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. The Mission&#39;s chapel was completely destroyed, and a massive fireplace in the center of the Convento shook loose and cracked several interior walls. Though the chapel was beyond repair, the Convento was restored in 1973, making it the only original building remaining from the original mission. As part of the repair process, the Convento was also reinforced, replastered, and painted inside and out. As the only original building remaining at the Mission San Fernando, the Convento was singled out in 1988 for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Roanoke Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located in the Downtown Roanoke area of Roanoke, Virginia. It encompasses 122 contributing buildings. It includes a variety of commercial, institutional, social, and governmental buildings and structures from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century. Notable buildings include the Roanoke City Public Library, the YMCA Central Branch Building, First Christian Church , the Central Church of the Brethren , Tomnes Cawley Funeral Home , Thomas B. Mason Building , Peerless Candy Co. , City Hall / Municipal Building , Roanoke Times Building , Anchor Building / Shenandoah Building , Greene Memorial Methodist Church , and United States Post Office and Courthouse . Located in the district are the separately listed Patrick Henry Hotel, Boxley Building, Campbell Avenue Complex Historic District, Colonial National Bank, and First National Bank.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Roanoke City Market Historic District, also known as City Market District, is a national historic district located in the Downtown Roanoke area of Roanoke, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The districts history dates to 1882, when the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) began the process of locating its headquarters to the small town of Big Lick. That decision precipitated a name change for the town to Roanoke, as well as a migration of the towns business district southeast towards the new railroad depot and hotel being built by the N&W. Completed in 1886, the original market building occupied the northwestern portion of the square; when that building was destroyed by fire it was replaced in 1922 with the current building and its centered arrangement.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, with an area roughly bounded by Williamson Rd., Norfolk Ave., S. Jefferson St., and Church Ave. The district area was increased to include 302 Campbell Ave., SE, and 9 Church Ave, SE, in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Southern California Gas Company Complex is a group of buildings on Flower Street in Downtown Los Angeles. The main building, completed in 1925, was designed in the Renaissance Revival style by John and Donald Parkinson.</p><br>
<p>It was originally used as offices by the Southern California Gas Company, but was later converted to lofts.</p><br>
<p>The six story extension at 820 S. Flower Street was designed by Robert V. Derrah in the Art Deco architecture style in 1942. The two concrete side sections curve into a recessed glass center.</p><br>
<p>The buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The D. W. Griffith House is a historic building in La Grange, Kentucky in the United States. It was owned by movie director D. W. Griffith, who rose to fame with his movies The Birth of a Nation and Intolerance.</p><br>
<p>The house was originally constructed in 1905 as a home for a Charles and Sue Smith, but it later became a funeral parlor. Griffith bought it as a residence for his mother Mary in 1913, who lived there until her death a year later. Afterward, Griffiths sister Ruth lived there until she died in 1934; then Griffiths brother and his family lived in the house. After D. W. Griffith married his second wife, they moved to the home in 1936, staying there until 1939 when Griffith went to California to work on a film. Griffith sold the house in 1940, but his niece lived there until 1950, when it was sold once again to be made into apartments. Griffith never returned to the area, not even to receive the honorary doctorate in literature the University of Louisville gave him in 1945. New owners in 1974 returned the house to a more home-like use.</p><br>
<p>Griffith had always considered La Grange his hometown, having spent his boyhood at a nearby farm until his mother had to sell it for debts left after his father died, and even signed in hotel registers as being from the town, no matter where he was actually living at the time. When Griffith died, as according to his will, his remains were returned to Oldham County and buried eight miles (13 km) south of La Grange in Mount Tabor Cemetery, Centerfield, Kentucky, where his family had a plot.</p><br>
<p>The house today remains privately owned, but is considered a historic attraction. The current owners have lived there since 1983. Several items related to Griffith furnish the house. At the end of the sidewalk by the house one can still see the signature Griffith made in the concrete.</p><br>
<p>The Hadley Center Historic District is an expansive, 2,500 acre historic district encompassing the village center of Hadley, Massachusetts. When it was first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, the district encompassed the town green and 17 buildings that faced it, at the junction of Russell Street  and Middle Street . The district was expanded significantly in 1994, adding more than 400 buildings representative of the village&#39;s growth from colonial days into the first decades of the 20th century. This expansion encompasses the entirety of a tongue of land extending west from East Street and bounded by a bend in the Connecticut River, which separates Hadley from Northampton. Its oldest property, the Samuel Porter House on West Street, was built in 1713.</p><br>
<p>Hadley was settled in 1659 and incorporated as a town in 1661. The land use patterns laid out at that time are still evident in the area surrounding the town center. The agricultural areas of the tongue of land in the Connecticut River floodplain were laid out in narrow strips, generally oriented north-south, which still dominate land ownership and usage patterns. Its major roads, including Russell, East, Middle, and West Streets, were laid out around this time, and were where houses and civic institutions were built. Bay Road, formerly a Native American trail, was the major road heading east from the river. The town grew slowly until the early 19th century, when it was joined to Northampton by a bridge over the Connecticut River. It remained agricultural, with a few cottage industries, with tobacco a major 19th-century crop before market gardens came to dominate in the early 20th century. The town center&#39;s architecture is reflective of its slow growth, with instances of architectural styles spanning more than three centuries.</p><br>
<p>The Hatfield Center Historic District encompasses the traditional center of Hatfield, Massachusetts. The area, first laid out in 1661, is bounded by Maple Street to the south, the Connecticut River to the east, Day Avenue and School Street to the north, and the Mill River to the west. The area&#39;s layout and land use patterns are relatively little altered since they were laid out, leaving a well-preserved early colonial village landscape. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Hatfield&#39;s town center is basically linear, running north-south on Main Street, which is separated from the Connecticut River by agricultural fields. The district abuts the Elm Street and the Mill-Prospect Street Historic Districts to the west. Main Street is characterized by well-spaced residential lots containing homes built in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the civic heart of the town, where the town hall, Center School, and Memorial Hall are located. The lot arrangement, with houses built close to the street, was in part a deliberately defensive plan, which was in the colonial period surrounded by a fortified palisade against attacks from Native Americans. Although most of the buildings are now of later construction, the plan is still evident.</p><br>
<p>The oldest buildings in the district were built about 1740. These two houses, at 30 School Street and 72 Main Street, are typical Georgian 2-1/2 story wood frame structures with gabled roofs and five-bay facades. Most of the houses in the district were built before 1830, and are either Georgian or Federal in their style. As the village grew in the 19th century, houses in other styles were either filled in or extended to the edges of the village. Most of the villages civic and religious buildings were built after 1870; the notable exception is the Congregational church, which is Greek Revival and style and was built in 1849.</p><br>
<p>The Haydenville Historic District is a historic district encompassing the traditional village of Haydenville in Williamsburg, Massachusetts. It includes properties on Main and High Streets, and Kingsley Avenue. Its most prominent feature is the former Haydenville Manufacturing Company premises, built in 1875 after a flood washed away the previous factory in 1874. This building located on Main Street , is now known as the Brass Works, and features elaborate Italianate and Victorian styling. Overlooking the factory across Main Street are two high-style Greek Revival houses, each with four-column Greek temple porticos, built for the brothers Joel and Josiah Hayden, for whose family the village is named.</p><br>
<p>The Haydens were the primary civic and economic force in the village. David and Daniel Hayden, uncles to Joel and Josiah, first entered into business here in 1808, manufacturing power looms and a variety of small metal objects. The latter came to dominate their business under Joel and Josiah, who established a business that survived until 1950. The Hayden family&#39;s influence in the village is visible in the 1852 Haydenville Congregational Church, and the 1900 library, both built with family funds, and in the row of high-quality worker housing lining High Street. The Haydenville Cemetery, also located on High Street, was established by the brothers in 1847 after their father died, and is where the family plot is located.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Hockanum Rural Historic District is a rural historic district along the Connecticut River in Hadley, Massachusetts. The district includes much of the area in Hadley west of Mount Holyoke and east of the river. Its formal boundaries run from Hockanum Cemetery in the southwest, following the river and the summit ridge of Mount Holyoke to the northeast corner of J.A. Skinner State Park. It includes the summit area of Mount Holyoke, including the Summit House, Halfway House, and other historic structures within the park, along with the agricultural lands of the valley below.</p><br>
<p>The views of the Connecticut River valley from Mount Holyoke were popularized in the early 19th century by the writing of Timothy Dwight, a Northampton native and president of Yale College. The summit area was a tourist destination, and artists such as Thomas Cole immortalized the views in art. In the late 19th century tourism waned, but saw a brief resurgence in the 1910s and 1920s due to the activities of Joseph Skinner, a local industrialist and philanthropist. He purchased and rehabilitated the mountaintop facilities and modernized the road to the summit. His success was brief, hurt by the Great Depression and the effects of the 1938 New England hurricane, which nearly destroyed the Summit House. He donated his holdings to the state to form the core of Skinner State Park.</p><br>
<p>The agricultural lands in the valley have undergone only relatively modest changes, and farming continues to be a dominant activity in the area. Most of the structures in the valley are related to agricultural activities. There is no church, but the community has historically been focused around taverns that were in the area, and more recently around the Hockanum School, a small brick schoolhouse built c. 1853.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Huntington Village Historic District encompasses the historic village center of Huntington, Massachusetts, USA. The village lies on the west branch of the Westfield River, at the junction of US Route 20  and Massachusetts Route 112 . The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Most of the district was built up between the middle 19th and middle 20th centuries. The area was home to several textile mills, powered by the Westfield River, but none of which have survived. Most of the district&#39;s contributing properties are therefore residential, commercial, and civic, and represent a diversity of architectural styles, predominantly from the mid to late 19th century. The district includes properties along the two main roads, as well as Upper Russell, Basket, Laurel, Pleasant, and Park Streets. Of particular architectural note are a concentration of Greek Revival houses characterized by their temple fronts, found in the western part of the village, and Stanton Hall, a fine Italianate structure built as a church, but now owned by the town.</p><br>
<h2>Political career</h2><br>
<h3>Beginnings</h3><br>
<p>In 1983, he began occupying positions in the municipality of the city of Córdoba and at the provincial level: he was Director of Youth Promotion and Cultural Action of the provincial government (1983-1987), head of the Ibero-American Union of Municipalists, General Director of Culture (1987-1991). Undersecretary of Culture, Education and Tourism (1991-1995), Municipal Constituent Convention (1995), Secretary of Government (1995-1999), Secretary of Human Development and Municipal Neighborhood Participation (1999) and councilman of the capital city of Córdoba (1999-2003) and provincial legislator for the Radical Civic Union between 2004 and 2007.</p><br>
<p>In the period from 2007 to 2015, the then Governor Juan Schiaretti added to his cabinet. During those years he served as President of the Córdoba Tourism Agency as in charge of tourism in his home province. During his administration the workers of the ministry denounce arbitrary changes that modified the structure of the area of Supply Development with the sole purpose of generating new political positions for friends and relatives of Macrista officials.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln–Sunset Historic District is a residential historic district located west of the downtown area of Amherst, Massachusetts. Colloquially known as Millionaires Row, the district extends along Lincoln and Sunset Avenues between Northampton Street  and the campus of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. This area was one of Amhersts first planned residential subdivisions, and features a large number of high-quality houses, built by merchants, businessmen, and academics. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Amherst was incorporated in 1768, having historically been part of Hadley. The town grew in the 19th century on the basis of a number of local industries, and the growth of both Amherst College and the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Residential development west of the town center was initially concentrated on Amity Street, then the main road to Hadley, and it is where this district&#39;s oldest house, the c. 1751 Solomon Boltwood House, is located. Land south of Amity Street in the area was donated to Amherst College, which remained in agricultural use for the first half of the 19th century. Industry arose east of the town center, where the railroad had been routed, so the west side developed as a fashionable area for the well-to-do business owners, merchants to avoid the odors and density associated with industry. Lincoln Street was formally accepted by the town in 1873, and much of it was platted into house lots by the local partnership of Stockbridge, Westcott & Westcott in 1882. Deeds issued when they sold house lots required minimum building costs and conformity to adjacent properties.</p><br>
<p>The district is located two blocks west of downtown Amherst, from which it is separated by the Prospect-Gaylord Historic District, a residential district of mainly 19th century houses. It extends along Lincoln Avenue roughly from Fearing Street to Route 9, which it ends just short of. Also included in the district are houses on Sunset Avenue between Amity and Elm Streets. The area is characterized by houses built mostly between 1870 and 1930, although there are some mid-19th century structures, and some that date to the 1950s. There is a uniformity of scale and landscaping, which was partly imposed by developers who subdivided the area in the late 19th century. The roads are arched over by mature trees, and the houses are set on generous lots with large lawns. Most buildings are stories in height and of wood-frame construction. The single styles that appear most frequently are the Queen Anne Victorian and the Colonial Revival.</p><br>
<p>The Lockville Historic District is a historic district encompassing the area of a historic mill village in Southampton, Massachusetts. The district is located about 1 mi south of Southampton Center along College Highway , in the area where the road crosses the Manhan River. The river in this area provided a drop in elevation that was used to provide power for a modest mill complex, which operated from the 1830s until about 1900. The district includes the house of the first documented mill family, the Ichabod Strong House , the Lyman Mill , Lyman Pond and the dam that impounds it .</p><br>
<p>The area also includes a sheet metal factory established by the Lyman family in 1894. This business became more prominent after the mills were forced to close due to a loss of water power after the city of Holyoke began drawing water from the river. There is also a remnant of the c. 1835 New Haven and Northampton Canal, which traversed three locks in the area, giving it its name. Other features associated with the canal include a former hotel building, a storehouse (both now private residences), and the remains of one of the locks.</p><br>
<p>The areas around Lyman Pond are thought to include industrial archeological remnants from mills that may have been established as early as 1732. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Main Street Historic District of Easthampton, Massachusetts encompasses the historic heart of the town, running along Main Street between Northampton and Center Streets. The area has been the civic and economic heart of the town since incorporation in 1785. Most of the commercial buildings date from the 1840s to the 1880s, and are built in an Italianate style. The housing stock of the district also includes Italianate styling, but there are also a number of Greek Revival structures. The major civic structures of the town are in the district, including the town hall , public library , and the First Congregational Church, which is the second for the congregation, a brick Romanesque Revival building dating to 1851. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Easthampton was settled in the early 18th century, and was separately incorporated out of parts of Northampton and Southampton in 1786. At first economically an agricultural community, its town center developed around its first meeting house, located about 1/4-mile south of the Manhan River, where an early gristmill and settlement were located. Substantial growth in the town center began in the 1840s, when a boys&#39; seminary was founded, and a button factory was founded on a tributary of the Manhan River southeast of the center, which was dammed to form what is now called Nashawannuck Pond. This was the seed of a corridor of industrial development just east of the center, which grew in the mid-19th century along with this economic growth.</p><br>
<p>The Mill–Prospect Street Historic District in Hatfield, Massachusetts encompasses a historic landscape with over 300 years of industrial and agricultural history. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area was first settled by English colonists in the 17th century, and it is known that a gristmill stood in the area near the Prospect Street crossing of the river in 1661. Water powered industry operated in that area from then until the 1970s. The rest of the district was agricultural, and the early millworks have not survived. Interest in the area picked up in the early decades of the 19th century; there were houses depicted on a 1794 survey, but none survive. Bridge Street, built by 1830, running west from the mill area, brought increased traffic and development. In 1830 the area was also used in the first formal geographical survey of the state: one end of the Borden Base Line is located in the district demarcated by a buried marker off Bridge Street.</p><br>
<p>The district&#39;s height of growth came in the second half of the 19th century. A significant number of homes lining Prospect Street are in styles typical of the period, and it is when the surviving industrial properties, the Shattuck Gun Factory (now the Old Mill Inn) being the most notable. Also built at that time was a Warren pony truss bridge, which carried Prospect Street across the Mill River until it was closed for safety reasons.</p><br>
<p>Mountain Rest is a historic religious summer retreat on Wildwood Lane, off Spruce Corner Road in Goshen, Massachusetts. Built in the first decade of the 20th century, it served as a retreat for Christian missionaries to foreign countries during periods of furlough in the United States, and as a training facility for future missionaries. The camp was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The camp closed in 1970, and in 1987 the complex was converted to condominiums.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Mountain Rest is located in the northwest part of Goshen, a rural community in the central eastern Berkshires. It is a cluster of buildings on Wildwood Road, formerly the camp&#39;s access road, north of Massachusetts Route 9 off Spruce Corner Road. The camp has seven buildings, all of wood-frame construction, organized around the drive, which ends in a loop around which most of the buildings are arranged. The largest of the buildings is Scudder Hall, a two-story building constructed in 1902 as a dormitory, which served as the focal point of the community. The most architecturally sophisticated is Avery Cottage, a four-story multi-gabled structure with Victorian stylistic elements.</p><br>
<p>The camp was established in 1902 by Dr. George Dowkontt, a leading missionary physician and founder of the New York Medical Missionary Society. It was established on land donated by Alvan Barrus, a state senator. The purpose of the camp was to provide a retreat for missionaries and their families while in between assignments, and to provide for the exchange of formal and practical knowledge associated with missionary activities. Notable attendees of the camp included Dr. William Wanless and Dr. Ida Scudder, for whom Scudder Hall was named. Ronald and Lillian Brook, Presbyterian fraternal workers to Cameroon, West Africa, also brought their family to Mountain Rest during furloughs (1950s-60s). Their children were Kathleen, Norma, Larry, Bill, Paul, Sarah, and Joy. Early in 2000 Kathleen and her husband Bill Kelly "found" Mountain Rest after asking a local fireman where it might be. In 2008 Larry and his wife Juanita and daughter Joanna visited and discovered that all of the missionary facilities and been turned into private housing. Scudder Hall had been partitioned into condos. The camp had operated until 1970, by which time the scale of American missionary activity had been greatly reduced. Hence, the need financially, to close it down and rent out the various buildings.</p><br>
<p>The North Amherst Center Historic District encompasses the center of North Amherst, part of the town of Amherst, Massachusetts. It is a well-preserved example of a traditional farming village, centered at the five-way junction of Meadow, Pine, and North Pleasant Streets, and Sunderland and Montague Roads. The area developed as a village center in the early 19th century and has been relatively little changed since the late 19th century. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The crossroads at the center of North Amherst took shape in the mid-18th century, when the area was still part of Hadley. The area had been surveyed in 1739, with land divisions for farming resulting in its creation. A grist mill was located on the Mill River a short way north of the center. By the early 19th century there was a small cluster of buildings around the junction, and by 1833 there were a church, school, and tavern, as well as parsonage and doctor&#39;s residence. The area remained predominantly agricultural; small-scale industrial activity took place on the river but did not last. The most significant late addition to the village streetscape was the 1893 Romanesque library.</p><br>
<p>The historic district radiates a short way away from the central five-way intersection a short way along each roadway. It extends furthest to the east on Pine Street and the south on North Pleasant Street, where it extends roughly five properties. Most of the residential buildings are of wood frame construction, and were built before about 1850, although there are a number of later instances. Prominent public buildings include the 1826 North Amherst Congregational Church, the 1893 North Amherst Library, and the c. 1845 North Amherst Hall, which has seen a number of uses, including as a school and as a performance and lecture venue.</p><br>
<p>The North Chester Historic District is a historic district encompassing the rural village center of North Chester in the town of Chester, Massachusetts. One of the rural community&#39;s early settlement nodes, it thrived into the early 19th century around a stagecoach tavern, a few small mills, and farming, and retains buildings and archaeological remains representative of this history. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Most of the properties in the district are strung in a widely spaced rural manner along East River Road, extending from a home and former factory site in the north to a village core with church and cemetery in the south. A few unbuilt parcels of land on Smith and North Chester Roads also contribute to the district, as did the Howe truss iron bridge that carries Smith Road across the middle branch of the Westfield River until its replacement in 2009. In addition to a variety of primarily 19th century residential and agricultural buildings, the district also includes a number of industrial archeological sites, based on the area&#39;s history of water-powered mill development.</p><br>
<p>Chester was settled in the 1760s, with early settlers of the North Chester area including members of the Elder, Smith, and Mann families. One of the most substantial buildings, known as the Cushman Tavern, stands at the junction of East River, North Chester, and Smith Roads; it was built by Thomas Elder about 1773, and served stagecoach travelers on the River Road, which was the preferred route between Springfield and Pittsfield. A short way north of the Smith Road bridge are the remains of a breached dam, where the first sawmill and gristmill stood, built by John Stevens. Later small industry was supported by dams further up and down the river, but these faded in importance after Chester Factory was served by the railroad, and came to dominate the town in industry. Non-residential buildings in the district include a 19th-century schoolhouse and a 1909 chapel.</p><br>
<p>The North Hatfield Historic District encompasses a small rural village in Hatfield, Massachusetts. It consists of a small cluster of buildings along West Street  and Depot Road in the vicinity of a former railroad station. It includes a few buildings associated with the railroad, including a depot and freight buildings, as well as commercial and residential structures, most of which postdate the 1848 arrival of the railroad. The village was important in the community as an arrival point for immigrants working in its fields and industry. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Hatfield was settled in the 17th century and incorporated in 1670. The North Hatfield area was basically undeveloped land for sometime, seeing some agricultural development in the 18th century. The area saw an increase in population beginning in the 1850s, when the railroad was built through the area, and a stop was placed at what is now called Depot Road. Construction of the railroad brought an influx of Irish and French Canadian immigrants, who worked on the railroad and in some cases remained to settle the area. North Hatfield also thrived as a small village center based on the transshipment of agricultural goods from farmers across northern Hatfield to market, and by the delivery of goods such as coal to them. A number of small industries were developed, powered by the Mill River. The village survived the decline of the railroads and the rise of the road system, with United States Route 5 continuing to serve as a major transportation route. Area farmers and village suffered during the Great Depression, from which the village never really recovered.</p><br>
<p>The historic district covers 64.5 acre, centered on the junctions of US 5 with Depot Road and North Hatfield Street. Most of the architecture in the village is vernacular wood frame residential construction, built on a modest scale. Some buildings exhibit nods to popular architectural styles, such as the c. 1848 former post office on Depot Road, which has some Italianate and Greek Revival features. The principal civic building in the village is the North Hatfield District School, an Italianate brick building built in 1871 that has been converted to commercial use.</p><br>
<p>The Old Mill Site Historic District in Hatfield, Massachusetts encompasses the site of a late 19th century mill. It is one of only two such sites in the town. The centerpiece of the district is the former Shattuck Gun Factory building , which in 1989 housed newspaper offices and in 2006 a bed and breakfast. The district, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, includes three other elements: an 1891 Warren pony truss bridge across the Mill River, now closed to traffic, and a machine shop and garage , both built in 1886. The district was also included in the larger Mill-Prospect Street Historic District in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The mill site has a history of industrial use since 1661, when Thomas Meekins was granted water rights on the falls, and established a grist mill. He eventually also built a sawmill. Additional mills were built in the early 19th century, including a sawmill which spanned the river. This site was one of Hatfield&#39;s major industrial employers in the 19th century. In 1865, the complex was adapted for the production of guns, first by Henry Porter and later by Charles Shattuck. Most of the existing buildings were destroyed in a fire, and Shattuck built the existing mill building in 1881.</p><br>
<p>The main mill building is a three-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. It is seventeen bays long and six wide, and is capped by a cupola with a pagoda-shaped roof. Its foundation is set partly in the river, with its water power provided through a penstock to a turbine chamber in the basement.</p><br>
<p>The Parsons, Shepherd, and Damon Houses Historic District is a historic district on the east side of downtown Northampton, Massachusetts encompassing a 2.5 acre property that was first laid out in 1654. Now owned by Historic Northampton, the property includes three houses built between 1730 and 1830. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The core of the Nathaniel Parsons House, 58 Bridge Street, was built c. 1719, and still exhibits characteristics of First Period construction. The building was extensively modified and added on during the Federal period between 1795 and 1815, and wings were added between 1815 and 1830. Modifications thereafter were comparatively modest.</p><br>
<p>The Shepherd House, 66 Bridge Street, was built in 1795, and remains a fine example of Federalist architecture with later stylistic modifications. It received Greek Revival detailing when that style was fashionable in the mid-19th century, and a Colonial Revival porch c. 1900.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac Damon House, 46 Bridge Street, was built c. 1813, and its main block is a typical five-bay two story Federalist. The building includes a series of additions on its rear, including one whose construction suggests it was originally attached to a different building. The house was acquired by Historic Northampton from the Damon family.</p><br>
<h2>History and significance</h2><br>
<p>Northampton was settled in the 17th century, and was by the late 18th century a major regional center in the Connecticut River valley. These three houses stand near the junction of Main and Bridge Street, on some of the earliest plots laid out. The Parsons House stands on land granted in 1654 to Cornet Joseph Parsons, who oversaw the early growth of the town on behalf of John Pynchon. The Damon House was built by Isaac Damon, one of the area&#39;s most important proponents of the Federal style of architecture; his influence, and that of Asher Benjamin, had a major influence on the architecture of the area and the time.</p><br>
<p>The Pelham Town Hall Historic District encompasses the remaining municipal portion of the center of Pelham, Massachusetts as laid out between 1738 and 1743. It includes the Old Town Hall, built in 1743, which is claimed by the town to be the oldest continuously used town hall in the United States. It also includes the 1843 Greek Revival Congregational church, and the town&#39;s first cemetery, founded in 1739. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The land which became Pelham was acquired by the Lisburn Proprietors, Scotch-Irish emigrants, in 1738. The next year, a lot of 10 acre was laid out for a meeting house, town pound, training field, and cemetery. The meeting house (now the town hall) was built on this parcel in 1743. Initially used for both religious and civic purposes, its religious function ended after the state mandated the separation of church and state in 1833. The Greek Revival church was built next door in 1839; it now houses the local historical society. The town center is historically significant as the last organized encampment site of rebel forces led by Daniel Shays during the Shays&#39; Rebellion.</p><br>
<p>The town hall is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a projecting central square vestibule. The church is a single-story frame structure, with its gabled roof oriented perpendicular to that of the town hall. It has corner pilasters, which rise to an entablature, and it is topped by a single-stage square belfry with octagonal spire.</p><br>
<p>The Prospect—Gaylord Historic District is a historic district encompassing a residential area built up mostly in the late 19th century just outside the central business district of Amherst, Massachusetts. Contributing properties include most of the houses on Prospect Street, which parallels Pleasant Street, as well as properties on Gaylord and Amity Streets running west from Prospect. These houses are generally in late Victorian styles such as Queen Anne, although some, for example a workman&#39;s house at 24 Gaylord Street, are in a more vernacular style. A central element of the district is the Hope Community Church, a historically African American church built in 1912 for a congregation whose history dates to 1869. Funds for its construction were raised in part through the efforts of W.E.B. Du Bois. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Amherst, settled in the 17th century, remained a scattered agricultural community until the early 19th century. At that time, the town center began to take on a more pronounced commercial character, and its importance in the town was cemented by the establishment of Amherst College in 1825. Prospect Street was laid out in 1824 between Amity Street (1703) and Northampton Street, the original main road to the Connecticut River. This area was built up with modest Greek Revival houses set on small lots, while North Prospect Street, north of Amity Street, was developed later, with larger lots and more typical Victorian styling. Gaylord Street was laid out as a private lane in the early 1880s, and was subsequently lined with Queen Anne and later styles of housing.</p><br>
<p>The South Amherst Common Historic District encompasses the village common and surrounding buildings of South Amherst, Massachusetts. This area developed as a rural residential village hub in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Amherst was settled as part of Hadley in the early 18th century, and was separately incorporated in 1759. The South Amherst Common, also known as Fiddlers Green, was formed out of a road junction created in 1760 by laying out the southern portion of what is now South East Street, the northern portion and Middle Street having been laid out in 1703. The first house known to be built facing what is now the common was built about 1742 by Nathaniel Coleman, and still stands at 1055 South East Street, at the south end of the common; a second 18th century house, the Jonathan Dickinson House, dates from around 1750 and faces the common from the southwest at 445 Shays Street. In 1788 the town reduced the rights of way for its roads, and sold off the excess land, but keeping the area that is now South Amherst Common. Over the next 150 years, the common became a local nexus for the surrounding rural community, with a school (first one built in 1764) and church (1825), and several cottage industries. Station Road was built extending eastward from the common in 1821, and Pomeroy Lane to its west in 1825. The area has remained rural with increasing suburbanization since then.</p><br>
<p>The common today consists of a roughly triangular area bounded by South East Street on all sides. Shays Street, Pomeroy Lane and Middle Street terminate into South East Street at the southwest side of the common. This triangular area is further cut by cross roads into a total of five different areas. The common itself is a grassy area unadorned by monuments and dotted with trees. Facing the common are primarily residences of 19th-century wood-frame construction, with a few instances of 18th and 20th-century buildings. One brick residence, the Enos Dickinson House, which was built in 1825 and for a time housed a post office, stands at 324 Pomeroy Lane with its eastern side facing the common, and there are four non-contributing but sympathetically styled 1950s Capes that also face the common. Prominent non-residential buildings are the 1825 Congregational Church, the 1902 South Amherst School, and the 1930 Munson Memorial Library and Community Center.</p><br>
<p>The Southampton Center Historic District encompasses the densely built center of the otherwise predominantly rural town of Southampton, Massachusetts. The district extends from Fomer Road in the south, along High Street and College Highway  to Maple Street, and includes a line of houses along East Street from College to Elm. This area is the historic heart of the town, being first laid out in the 1730s. The district includes, in addition to a number of 18th- and 19th-century residences, the town&#39;s only church, the town hall, and the old public library. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The area that is now Southampton was originally incorporated as part of Northampton 1654, but was not formally settled until 1730. It was separately incorporated in 1775. The plan for the town center was drawn in 1730, and has been relatively unchanged since then, with a broadly spaced grid of roads between College Highway and High Street. The town grew significantly after 1790, resulting in a range of high-quality Federal period residences, and the present Congregational Church, built in 1788 on or near the site of the towns first colonial meeting house. In addition to civic functions, the center served as the economic hub of the largely agrarian community. The towns economy suffered in the late 19th century, its agriculture from competition with larger midwestern farms, and its industry from the cooption of its waterways for use as public water supplies. There has been little significant development in the center since the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Upper Main Street Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district in northeastern Hatfield, Massachusetts. Unlike Hatfield Center, which dated to colonial days and lies south of the district, this part of Hatfield developed roughly between 1860 and 1939 as a village centered on the nearby ferry landing on the Connecticut River. The district includes properties in a roughly triangular area bounded by Main Street, King Street, and North Street, and features a large number of Colonial Revival, Queen Anne, and bungalow-style houses. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The town center of Hatfield was laid out in 1661, with narrow house lots facing the main road, and large agricultural areas surrounding the village. The southern portion of this district includes a portion of the original town plan, which is still evident in the placement of houses and surrounding land use. In addition to the residential buildings lining its roads, the district also includes agricultural buildings related to the areas historic patterns of agriculture. Prominent among these are several tobacco barns, reflecting the importance of that crop in the towns 19th century economic prosperity. There are also several surviving livestock and horse barns, of which one of the former dates to about 1800. The oldest house in the district, the Jeremiah Bardwell House at 108 Main Street, is of similar vintage, dating to about 1790.</p><br>
<p>The Northampton Downtown Historic District encompasses most of the central business district of Northampton, Massachusetts. This area, which has been a center of commerce and industry in the area since colonial days, extends from the railroad tracks on the east side of the downtown, and west along Main Street to its junction with West Street and Elm Street. When the district was first listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it ended at the railroad tracks, and included properties on a number of other downtown streets; this was extended in 1985 to include a few properties just east of the railroad tracks on and near Bridge Street. The district includes such notable buildings as the 1891 Academy of Music Theatre, and Northampton&#39;s castle-like City Hall.</p><br>
<p>Northampton was settled (and incorporated as a town) in 1653, and was reincorporated as a city in 1883. Until the mid-19th century, it was essentially a rural market town, which also served as the county seat of Hampshire County. Main Street was from the start its center of civic and economic affairs, even as industrialization and changes in transportation brought economic development. The downtown&#39;s first major period of growth was after the American Civil War, spurred by the arrival of railroads and by the development of industry along the Mill River. A fire in 1870 destroyed surviving wood-frame commercial buildings on Main Street, and most subsequent commercial growth was in masonry. A second period of growth in the 1890s eliminated most of the remaining residences on Main Street west of the railroad.</p><br>
<p>The North Hadley Historic District encompasses the historic rural village of North Hadley, located between Mount Warner and the Connecticut River in Hadley, Massachusetts. It includes properties on River Drive between Stockwell Road and Stockbridge Street, and includes properties on French, Meadow and Mt. Warner Streets. It is a well-preserved example of a rural farming and mill community, with architecture dating from the late 18th to early 20th centuries. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Hadley was settled in the mid-17th century. The North Hadley area was at first used solely for agriculture, farmers traveling from their homes in the main village to work the land. A school (now Hopkins Academy) was established in the town, and was funded by rents on land given it in North Hadley. Permanent settlements began around 1675, with the establishment of a mill on the Mill River. The threads of agriculture and modest industrial activity powered the growth of a small village north of the Mill River.</p><br>
<p>The historic district covers an entire landscape of more than 600 acre, bounded on the north by Stockbridge Street, the west by the Connecticut River, the east by the steep slopes of Mount Warner, and the south by Stockwell Road. The built portions of the area are mainly along River Drive (Massachusetts Route 47), where the village center stretches mainly to the north of the Mill River. The majority of the properties in the district are residential and agricultural; the notable exceptions are the c. 1834 Congregational Church, the 1795 cemetery, and North Hadley Hall, an 1868 building originally built as a schoolhouse. Construction dates for contributing properties to the district range from the 1780s to 1940, and a significant variety of architectural styles are represented.</p><br>
<p>The Academy Historic District is a historic district in the center of Wilbraham, Massachusetts. Its 65 acre encompass the historic center of Wilbraham, as well as the historic central portion of the campus of the Wilbraham & Monson Academy. It includes properties on Mountain Road , Main Street, and Faculty Street. Wesleyan Academy was founded in 1817 and moved to Wilbraham in 1824; its oldest buildings date to 1825. It merged with Monson Academy in the 20th century to form the present school that occupies the academic premises. The academy was a major center of Methodist teaching in New England, and was a prominent factor in the town&#39;s growth.</p><br>
<p>The main historic building of the academy is called the Old Academy, and is a large brick Federalist building designed by Enoch Mudge in 1825. It is a two-story building with a slate roof and a white clapboard belltower. Next to it is Fisk Hall, an 1851 two story building made of brick with sandstone trim; it is topped by a cupola. Binney Hall, built in 1854, is similarly a two-story brick building. The Smith Hall Gymnasium was built in 1896, and has Richardsonian Romanesque details and a hipped slate roof. The Alumni Memorial Chapel stands next to the Gymnasium; it was built in 1867 of red sandstone.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the academy buildings, the district includes a number of civic and residential buildings, including the Old Meetinghouse (built 1793), which was originally designed as a meeting hall, but was converted in 1835 into a residential duplex. Adjacent to the Old Meetinghouse, is the Hearse House, an outbuilding that housed the town&#39;s hearses from 1890 to 1920. The district also includes a number of residences built mostly in the middle of the 19th century. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Agawam Center Historic District is a historic district that encompasses part of the historic center of Agawam, Massachusetts. The district covers most of the buildings along Elm Street and Main Street radiating out from their intersection in both directions. The district is predominantly residential, although it does contain many commercial, industrial, and civic buildings. Many of the buildings in the district stand at a uniform setback from the street, giving the district a coherent feel.</p><br>
<p>Agawam&#39;s center began to take shape in the early years of the 18th century. By 1750 the town center lay on one of the main roads connecting Northampton to Hartford, Connecticut, and the area became a significant rest stop along the way. It received significant development in the 1790s when the road was more formally laid out, private homes began to join the taverns, and what is now Elm Street connected the village to points east and west. By 1831 the center also had churches, a school, and a cemetery. The oldest building in the district is a tavern dating to 1750, and there are about a dozen houses that date to the 1790s.</p><br>
<p>As the 19th century progressed the village continued to grow, yet retained some rural character, with only low levels of industrialization. The arrival of streetcars connecting the village to the city of Springfield saw the transformation of the village into one with a more suburban feel. Agawam was not formally incorporated until 1855, and it is during this time that the village assumed its role as the civic center of the town.</p><br>
<p>The district features a variety of architectural styles, from Georgian and Federal buildings of the early period to mid-20th century ranch housing. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Ames Hill/Crescent Hill District is an historic district in Springfield, Massachusetts, bounded by sections of Central, Maple, Mill, and Pine Streets, Crescent Hill, Ames Hill Drive, and Maple Court. This section of Springfield was the citys first "Gold Coast," built primarily during the early Industrial Revolution, from approximately 1812–1850. The Ames Hill/Crescent Hill Historic District includes Mulberry Street, the upper-class street made famous by Dr. Seusss first childrens book, And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street,  Dr. Seusss grandparents lived on Mulberry Street. This National Historic District overlaps somewhat with both the Ridgewood and Maple Hill Historic Districts designated by the City of Springfield.</p><br>
<p>Ames Hill was named for the Ames Family of Springfield. David Ames, Jr., a Springfield paper manufacturer, was the son of Colonel David Ames, the first superintendent of the Springfield Armory. The David Ames Jr. House, at 241 Maple Street, on Ames Hill in Springfield, was built in 1826-7 and was the work of Chauncey Shepard, a prominent local architect and builder. In 1867, Solomon J. Gordon, a New York City lawyer, purchased the property and Shepard was hired to remodel the house he had built forty-one years earlier. Gordon lived in the house until his death in 1891. Today the house is known as Young House and is part of the campus of the MacDuffie School.</p><br>
<p>Crescent Hill continues along the steep trajectory of Maple Street, which snakes up along a bluff overlooking the scenic Connecticut River and Connecticut River Valley. Crescent Hill also features many of Springfield&#39;s largest mansions, most of which date from the mid-19th century. Unfortunately, the Ames Hill/Crescent Hill Historic District was devastated during the June 1, 2011 Greater Springfield tornado.</p><br>
<p>Apremont Triangle Historic District is a historic district in Springfield, Massachusetts, located at the junction of Pearl, Hillman, Bridge, and Chestnut Streets in its Metro Center district. The Apremont Triangle Historic District includes the Apremont Triangle Park, nicknamed "the Heart of Springfield" by the citys arts community; the historic, 10-story Kimball Towers Condominiums,  a nine-story historic, former YMCA, which now houses apartments at 122 Chestnut Street, ; the six-story Neo-Gothic Tarbell-Waters Building , a former office building that was auctioned in August 2011; the two-story Harris-Green building, a 1920s Rolls-Royce showroom, which is, actually, two buildings; and the two-story Birnie Building, a 1930s Pontiac showroom. Currently, the district is the center of Springfields bohemian arts community, featuring multi-media organizations, artists lofts, ethnic restaurants, and organizations like The Apremont Arts Community - group of multi-media artists, non-profit organizations, and businesses.</p><br>
<p>Located in a walkable area, the Apremont Triangle Historic District is less than half a mile from Springfield&#39;s Club Quarter, its Downtown Business District, Union Station, the Quadrangle, the MassMutual Center, Symphony Hall, the Springfield Armory, and numerous other sites.</p><br>
<h2>2011 sales of 122 Chestnut and the Tarbell-Waters Building</h2><br>
<p>As of June 2011, the Renaissance Revival 122 Chestnut - the former YMCA building that was, during the 1980s, adaptively re-used to become 99 rental apartments - and the Neo-Gothic Tarbell-Waters Buildings are both for sale. These are two of the five properties that constitute the Apremont Triangle Historic District. The buyer of these properties could substantially change the character of the Apremont Triangle Historic District, which in recent years has flourished as an increasingly bohemian arts district. The asking price for 122 Chestnut is 6.5 million, including an attached 144 car parking lot. Residents of the Apremont Triangle Historic District look at dual building sales with both caution and optimism, because in recent years, the neighborhood has had great success in attracting artistic and bohemian residents to the Kimball Towers, 122 Chestnut, the Birnie Building, and the McIntosh - an adaptively re-purposed shoe factory on Worthington Street. However, precisely because the neighborhood has been on an upward trajectory for years; the sale of two of the district&#39;s most important buildings are temporarily, in 2011, depressing market values at the Kimball and McIntosh, reflected in 1 bedroom units selling in the $30,000s-$80,000s.</p><br>
<h2>Apremont Triangle Park</h2><br>
<p>The Apremont Triangle Park was named after Springfields 104th Infantry - the first USA military regiment ever honored by a foreign power for bravery in war. Following the 104th Infantrys valor at Apremont during World War I, it received the Croix de Guerre from the Nation of France. The Apremont Triangle Park is named in honor of the USA 104th Infantry Regiments heroism at Apremont. In the park, there is monument to the 104th Infantry, Springfields own, noting its heroism at Apremont. Amazingly, again in World War II, the 104th Infantry Regiment again received the prestigious Croix de Guerre for its valor at war. In World War II, the 104th Infantry fought under General George Patton and in the Battle of the Bulge.</p><br>
<h2>Kimball Towers Condominiums</h2><br>
<p>The Hotel Kimball was once "Western Massachusetts finest hotel." Built in 1910, and opened on St. Patricks Day, 1911, the New York Times reviewed the Hotel Kimball as "ranking with the finest in the country. A magnificent hotel, modern and metropolitan in every appointment." In 1920 it hosted the United States first-ever commercial radio station - WBZ, Springfield. USA Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and John F. Kennedy all stayed at The Kimball - some before and some after the 1940s transition into the Sheraton-Kimball Hotel, operated by Sheraton Hotels and Resorts. The Kimball was the first "grand hotel" purchased by Sheraton, a company that was, at the time, headquartered in Springfield.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Hotel Kimball is the Kimball Towers Condominiums. During the 1980s, when the buildings condo developer was converting over 300 hotel rooms to approximately 120 condominiums, he filed for bankruptcy. Many of the Kimballs units, (especially those on the lower floors,) were left in disrepair or completely bare.</p><br>
<p>From the 1990s until the 2000s, the building was managed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation because - due to it historic designation - it could not be torn down. In the 2000s, urban living in Metro Center Springfield became popular, especially among bohemians, artists, empty-nesters, and LGBT residents - people attracted to urban living without the high price. The Kimball Towers, due to its low-prices (from its formerly troubled history as a condominium development) and essentially blank canvas left by the initial condominium developer, became a center for Springfields arts community. As of 2011, it is one of Springfields most prominent buildings for artists, bohemians, and others in the creative class.</p><br>
<p>The Belle and Franklin Streets Historic District is a residential historic district encompassing the surviving portions of 1914-16 apartment house development on the northwest side of downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. The properties are at 77—103 Belle St. and 240—298 Franklin Street, and were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Belle and Franklin Street area was developed by local builder William Lay between 1914 and 1916. It includes a series of almost entirely residential buildings along Belle and Franklin Streets, two streets that parallel each other near Interstate 291, north of Springfields downtown. Lay built 16 apartment houses, half of which were four story brick construction, with the others being three story wood-frame structures. The district also includes a mixed residential/commercial building Lay built, and an early (1862) frame house. The development is remarkably intact despite the construction of I-291 nearby: only one of Lays buildings, another mixed use building, has been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The area now covered by this district was first developed as a series of modest estates and stylish homes in the 1850s. These properties were subdivided and built more densely in the late 19th century, when streetcar lines made the area convenient for workers employed downtown. The property developed by Lay was originally an estate owned by Samuel Brooks, a doctor, and then George Fisk, president of the Wason Manufacturing Company. Fisk sold his property in 1913 to John Lester, who had sold properties in the area to William Lay, an English-born real estate developer and builder. Lay first proposed subdivision of the area in February 1913, and received building permits in December for the first building, one of the six-unit wood-frame buildings on Franklin Street. The brick eight-unit buildings on Belle Street were built in 1915. The building at 296 Franklin Street, also built during this time, has twelve units, and includes retail spaces on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>The Brimfield Center Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic center of Brimfield, Massachusetts. The district is centered on the town common, and includes properties radiating out from that center on Main Street, Brookfled, Wales, Sturbridge and Warren Roads. Brimfield Center was first laid out in 1721 along a Native American trail that ran through the area, and developed over the years into what is now US Route 20, or Main Street. The district includes properties ranging from early colonial houses to the town hall, built in 1878. The center has retained some coherence because the Brimfield Fair, a major antiques market that takes place three times a year, takes up significant open space in the areas near the center. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Brimfield is located in central Massachusetts, just west of Sturbridge and roughly midway between Worcester and Springfield. The town was permanently settled by European colonists in 1721, and its civic center was laid out along a former Native American trail that ran east–west through the town. This route, now Main Street, and in this area aligned with United States Route 20, grew to become part of the principal post road running west from Boston to Springfield and beyond. Two roads leading northward, Warren and Brookfield Roads, lead to the towns for which they are named, and Wales Road leads south to Connecticut. This road network was established early in the colonial period, and the town common was laid out in 1721 at the junction of Main and Warren Streets.</p><br>
<p>The town center is architecturally dominated by Georgian and Federal period housing, with commercial and civic buildings mostly later in construction, as needs for such facilities changed over time, and fire claiming some structures. The town was bypassed by the railroads, and most of its industries were located away from the center. In the 20th century, the advent of regular antiques fairs has served to keep the town center separated from other, more modern development.</p><br>
<p>The oldest surviving elements of the town center are the common and the cemetery, both laid out in 1721. The oldest house is believed to be the c. 1738 ell attached to the Converse House at 7 Brookfield Road, and there are only a few other Georgian period houses. The town&#39;s Federal period architecture benefits from the residency of architect Elias Carter, who designed a number of homes, notable among them the c. 1823 Hitchcock House at 15 Wales Road; it has a porch with colossal Doric columns. Carter is also believed to have designed the Converse House to which the c. 1738 ell is attached. The First Congregational Church, on the common, is a fine example of Greek Revival architecture, built in 1848. The Hitchcock Free Academy (1855, pictured above), is also a Carter design, showing early Italianate influence. Town Hall, built in 1878, is a fine example of Stick style, designed by Springfield architect Eugene Clarence Gardner.</p><br>
<p>The Cabotville Common Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district in Chicopee, Massachusetts. It is centered on the park now called Lucy Wisniowski Park, which was previously known as "The Common", and includes all of the buildings that face the park, as well as a few on immediately adjacent city streets. It was developed in the 1830s and 1840s as an area where mid-level employees of Chicopee&#39;s mills and factories lived, between the simpler tenements and boarding houses of the lower classes, and the elite mansions of the proprietors and top-level managers. Most of the building stock in the district was built between 1846 and 1870, and were single family brick or wood-frame Greek Revival houses. The Common, whose original purpose was to provide shared pasturage for area residents, was by the end of this period converted to a park. From the 1870s to the 1890s the housing stock was predominantly multi-family in scale, and exhibited the architectural fashions of the time: Italianate, Second Empire, and Victorian. Thereafter development was limited due to a lack of available land, and only a few brick apartment houses were built between 1890 and 1915.</p><br>
<p>Since that time there have been only modest changes to the neighborhood. A school was torn down, and was replaced by a wading pool and bath house. Buildings have been altered and added, and a few have been moved. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Chester Center Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic center of Chester, Massachusetts. The area was first laid out by Chester&#39;s first settlers in 1763. It remained the center of commerce and civic life in the rural agricultural community until railroads were built in other areas of the town in the 1840s. The village center declined in importance as economic activity moved to areas more readily accessible to the railroad, and the town hall was eventually moved to Chester Factories. The district includes properties on Skyline Trail near the intersection of Bromley and Lyman Roads, and features Greek Revival, colonial, and Federal architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Chester Center is located on an upland site on a ridge separating two branches of the Westfield River, along Skyline Trail, a major north-south route through the rural community. The historic elements of the district are three houses, a district schoolhouse, the 1840 First Congregational Church, and the Chester Burying Ground, the latter having a first burial dating to 1769. The Rev. Aaron Bascomb House was also built in 1769, for the town&#39;s first settled minister; it is a typical Georgian five-bay house with a large central chimney. The Searles House is a modest 1-1/2 story Cape, built in 1787. The Dr. Anson Boies House was built in 1810 by Reverend Bascomb, whose daughter married the doctor. The district schoolhouse, built in 1798, is one of the oldest in Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church was designed and built by master builder Henry A. Sykes of Suffield, Connecticut, later an architect of Springfield.</p><br>
<p>The town of Chester was settled in 1763 and was incorporated in 1765 as Murrayfield. The towns early proprietors set aside the site of the town center as part of its initial land division. Its first meeting house was built sometime thereafter, eventually to be replaced by the Greek Revival First Congregational Church now standing. The towns early economy was largely agricultural. Still, industry developed in the area now known as Chester Factories, which had more ready access to water power, and was nearer an early (1800) turnpike. When the railroad bypassed the center in preference to Chester Factory in 1842, the village center declined in importance, and was not developed further.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel Howell Hise House is an historic home that was part of the Underground Railroad. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is located in Salem, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>National Register-designated significance</h2><br>
<p>The house is listed on the National Register for social and African-American history, as well as for the local notoriety of its namesake, Daniel Howell Hise.</p><br>
<h2>History and role in abolitionism</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1838 by his father, the house was occupied by Hise and his wife Margaret in the 1850s, when they rechristened the home, Unserheim (“our home” in German), and made several alterations to the property, including construction of several hiding places for fleeing slaves. These renovations—including hidden rooms in the basement and a barn on the property—made the house a viable stop on the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>Inspired by the words of Amos Gilbert, Daniel Hise served as a member of the Executive Committee of the Western Anti-slavery Society and helped organize the city of Salem&#39;s then-annual Anti-Slavery Fair (a local fundraiser for abolitionist causes). He strongly agreed with the philosophies of William Lloyd Garrison, and from 1849 to 1855, Hise made his home available to fleeing slaves as well as abolitionists including Oliver Johnson, Henry C. Wright, Parker Pillsbury, and Charles C. Burleigh.</p><br>
<h2>Daniel Howell Hise</h2><br>
<p>Daniel Howell Hise was born in New Jersey on September 12, 1813, and moved with his family to Salem in 1819. In his youth, he worked as a steamboat engineer in Alabama during the summers, and he eventually found work in his adopted hometown in blacksmithing, toolmaking, roofing, and kiln operation.</p><br>
<p>Notably, Hise did not consider himself a “suitable leader for the reform movements in existence,” but rather acted as an ardent supporter of abolitionism, in addition to other causes like women&#39;s suffrage and temperance.</p><br>
<p>Hise kept a vivid diary from December 29, 1846, until his death on November 17, 1878. Published by a local book company in 1933 at the request of Hise&#39;s daughter, Nora, the entries have provided a window on the history of Salem and its role in the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy in American art</h2><br>
<p>The American watercolorist Charles E. Burchfield featured the House in a painting made during his life in Salem.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>The Daniel Howell Hise House is a private residence, and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Chester Factory Village Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic village of Chester Factories in Chester, Massachusetts. Chester was settled in the 1760s, and the factory village was a location where water power was harnessed at an early time for grist mills and sawmills. The village got its name from the Chester Glass Factory, which operated in the area through the War of 1812. It benefited from the construction of a turnpike  leading to Chester Center in 1804, and was transformed by the arrival of the railroad around 1840. The village became an important provisioning stop for trains, and the village further benefited by the fact that the railroad bypassed Chester Center. The economic and civic life of the town gradually shifted, and Chester Factories is where the town hall and library were built. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The district is roughly bounded by Middlefield Road, River, Main, and Maple Streets, US 20, and Williams Street. The southern boundary is roughly US 20, with the tracks formerly of the Western Railroad the boundary to the northeast. There are some older houses in the area along US 20, while more intensive industrial development took place along the Westfield River branch which runs between the two transportation routes. The villages greatest period of growth was between 1879 and 1915, when the production of abrasive materials, and granite quarrying and cutting operations became major industries. The Fays Clothing Store, built in 1896, is at three stories the village&#39;s tallest building.</p><br>
